MSA手册第四版英文 MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS MSA 4th Edition Quick Guide .....................................................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................v List of Tables............................................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I General Measurement System Guidelines.........................................................................................1 Section A Introduction, Purpose and Terminology ...................................................................................................3 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................3 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................................4 Terminology ..........................................................................................................................................................4 Section B The Measurement Process P.....................................................................................................................13 Measurement Systems .........................................................................................................................................13 The Effects of Measurement System Variability.................................................................................................18 Section C Measurement Strategy and Planning.......................................................................................................25 Section D Measurement Source Development .......................................................................................................29 Gage Source Selection Process............................................................................................................................31 Section E Measurement Issues ................................................................................................................................41 Section F Measurement Uncertainty........................................................................................................................63 Section G Measurement Problem Analysis .............................................................................................................65 CHAPTER II General Concepts for Assessing Measurement Systems...............................................................67 Section A Background.............................................................................................................................................69 Section B Selecting/Developing Test Procedures....................................................................................................71 Section C Preparation for a Measurement System Study ........................................................................................73 Section D Analysis of the Results............................................................................................................................77 CHAPTER III Recommended Practices for Replicable Measurement Systems ................................................81 Section A Example Test Procedures........................................................................................................................83 Section B Variable Measurement System Study Guidelines ...................................................................................85 Guidelines for Determining Stability...................................................................................................................85 Guidelines for Determining Bias PF – Independent Sample Method ...................................................................87 Guidelines for Determining Bias – Control Chart Method..................................................................................92 Guidelines for Determining Linearity P................................................................................................................96 Guidelines for Determining Repeatability and Reproducibility P ......................................................................101 Range Method....................................................................................................................................................102 Average and Range Method ..............................................................................................................................103 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Method ..........................................................................................................123 Section C Attribute Measurement Systems Study .................................................................................................131 Risk Analysis Methods......................................................................................................................................131 Signal Detection Approach................................................................................................................................143 Analytic Method P..............................................................................................................................................145 CHAPTER IV Other Measurement Concepts and Practices .............................................................................151 Section A Practices for Non-Replicable Measurement Systems ...........................................................................153 Destructive measurement systems .....................................................................................................................153 Systems where the part changes on use/test ......................................................................................................153 Section B Stability Studies ....................................................................................................................................155 Section C Variability Studies.................................................................................................................................161 Section D Recognizing the Effect of Excessive Within-Part Variation................................................................167 Section E Average and Range Method – Additional Treatment............................................................................169 Section F Gage Performance Curve P.....................................................................................................................177 Section G Reducing Variation Through Multiple Readings..................................................................................183 Section H Pooled Standard Deviation Approach to GRR P....................................................................................185 APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................................193724