ASME B117

asme b117-1997 salt spray corrosion test-designation:b 117 – 97 standard practice for operat....
B117 Salt Spray Test and ASME B368 CASS Test were utilized to evaluate the various were used to gather program information:survey questionnaires were...
astm b117...Standards ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code From:http://www.techstreet.com/standards/astm/b117_11?product_id=1821726 ASTM B117 Test Report ...
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ILT‐E‐15 ASME B30.9:2006 Test of Salt Spray ILT‐E‐16 ASTM B117 Immersion corrosion test ILT‐E‐18 ASTM G31 Pull‐of test for.Filename:...
6.5.4 corrosion test(B117 48Hours)7 safety requirement s and limitations of use 8 designations Sample Requirement:5 pieces of samples 样品要求：5件样品...
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B117-94镀层盐雾试验方法 9 ASME Y14.5.1M-1994 Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing principles 尺寸与公差数学定义 2.2.ASME ASME--American ...
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国标下载网ASME 盐雾测试方法Designation:B117–03
StandardPracticefor
OperatingSaltSpray(Fog)Apparatus1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB117;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.
ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
1.Scope
1.1Thispracticecoverstheapparatus,procedure,and
conditionsrequiredtocreateandmaintainthesaltspray(fog)
testenvironment.Suitableapparatuswhichmaybeusedis
describedinAppendixX1.
1.2Thispracticedoesnotprescribethetypeoftestspeci-
menorexposureperiodstobeusedforaspecificproduct,nor
theinterpretationtobegiventotheresults.
1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedas
standard.Theinch-poundunitsinparenthesesareprovidedfor
informationandmaybeapproximate.
1.4 Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe
safetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itisthe
responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-
priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
2.ReferencedDocuments
2.1 ASTMStandards:
B368MethodforCopper-AcceleratedAceticAcid-Salt
Spray(Fog)Testing(CASSTest)
2
D609PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanels
forTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,and
RelatedCoatingProducts3
D1193SpecificationforReagentWater
4
D1654TestMethodforEvaluationofPaintedorCoated
SpecimensSubjectedtoCorrosiveEnvironments3
E70TestMethodforpHofAqueousSolutionswiththe
GlassElectrode5
E691PracticeforConductinganInterlaboratoryStudyto
DeterminethePrecisionofaTestMethod6
G85PracticeforModifiedSaltSpray(Fog)Testing7
3.SignificanceandUse
3.1Thispracticeprovidesacontrolledcorrosiveenviron-
mentwhichhasbeenutilizedtoproducerelativecorrosion
resistanceinformationforspecimensofmetalsandcoated
metalsexposedinagiventestchamber.
3.2Predictionofperformanceinnaturalenvironmentshas
seldombeencorrelatedwithsaltsprayresultswhenusedas
standalonedata.
3.2.1Correlationandextrapolationofcorrosionperfor-
mancebasedonexposuretothetestenvironmentprovidedby
thispracticearenotalwayspredictable.
3.2.2Correlationandextrapolationshouldbeconsidered
onlyincaseswhereappropriatecorroboratinglong-termatmo-
sphericexposureshavebeenconducted.
3.3Thereproducibilityofresultsinthesaltsprayexposure
ishighlydependentonthetypeofspecimenstestedandthe
evaluationcriteriaselected,aswellasthecontrolofthe
operatingvariables.Inanytestingprogram,sufficientrepli-
catesshouldbeincludedtoestablishthevariabilityofthe
results.Variabilityhasbeenobservedwhensimilarspecimens
aretestedindifferentfogchamberseventhoughthetesting
conditionsarenominallysimilarandwithintherangesspeci-
fiedinthispractice.
4.Apparatus
4.1Theapparatusrequiredforsaltspray(fog)exposure
consistsofafogchamber,asaltsolutionreservoir,asupplyof
suitablyconditionedcompressedair,oneormoreatomizing
nozzles,specimensupports,provisionforheatingthechamber,
andnecessarymeansofcontrol.Thesizeanddetailedcon-
structionoftheapparatusareoptional,providedtheconditions
obtainedmeettherequirementsofthispractice.
4.2Dropsofsolutionwhichaccumulateontheceilingor
coverofthechambershallnotbepermittedtofallonthe
specimensbeingexposed.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeG01onCorrosion
ofMetalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG01.05onLaboratory
CorrosionTests.
CurrenteditionapprovedOctober1,2003.PublishedOctober2003.Originally
approvedin1939.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asB117–02.
2
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.05.
3
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.01.
4
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol11.01.
5
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol15.05.
6
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.02.
7
AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.02.
1
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.
Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---4.3Dropsofsolutionwhichfallfromthespecimensshall
notbereturnedtothesolutionreservoirforrespraying.
4.4Materialofconstructionshallbesuchthatitwillnot
affectthecorrosivenessofthefog.
4.5AllwaterusedforthispracticeshallconformtoTypeIV
waterinSpecificationD1193(exceptthatforthispractice
limitsforchloridesandsodiummaybeignored).Thisdoesnot
applytorunningtapwater.Allotherwaterwillbereferredto
asreagentgrade.
5.TestSpecimens
5.1Thetypeandnumberoftestspecimenstobeused,as
wellasthecriteriafortheevaluationofthetestresults,shallbe
definedinthespecificationscoveringthematerialorproduct
beingexposedorshallbemutuallyagreeduponbetweenthe
purchaserandtheseller.
6.PreparationofTestSpecimens
6.1Specimensshallbesuitablycleaned.Thecleaning
methodshallbeoptionaldependingonthenatureofthesurface
andthecontaminants.Careshallbetakenthatspecimensare
notrecontaminatedaftercleaningbyexcessiveorcareless
handling.
6.2Specimensfortheevaluationofpaintsandotherorganic
coatingsshallbepreparedinaccordancewithapplicable
specification(s)forthematerial(s)beingexposed,orasagreed
uponbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplier.Otherwise,the
testspecimensshallconsistofsteelmeetingtherequirements
ofPracticeD609andshallbecleanedandpreparedforcoating
inaccordancewiththeapplicableprocedureofPracticeD609.
6.3Specimenscoatedwithpaintsornonmetalliccoatings
shallnotbecleanedorhandledexcessivelypriortotest.
6.4Wheneveritisdesiredtodeterminethedevelopmentof
corrosionfromanabradedareainthepaintororganiccoating,
ascratchorscribedlineshallbemadethroughthecoatingwith
asharpinstrumentsoastoexposetheunderlyingmetalbefore
testing.Theconditionsofmakingthescratchshallbeas
definedinTestMethodD1654,unlessotherwiseagreedupon
betweenthepurchaserandtheseller.
6.5Unlessotherwisespecified,thecutedgesofplated,
coated,orduplexmaterialsandareascontainingidentification
marksorincontactwiththeracksorsupportsshallbe
protectedwithasuitablecoatingstableundertheconditionsof
thepractice.
NOTE 1—Shoulditbedesirabletocuttestspecimensfrompartsorfrom
preplated,painted,orotherwisecoatedsteelsheet,thecutedgesshallbe
protectedbycoatingthemwithpaint,wax,tape,orothereffectivemedia
sothatthedevelopmentofagalvaniceffectbetweensuchedgesandthe
adjacentplatedorotherwisecoatedmetalsurfaces,isprevented.
7.PositionofSpecimensDuringExposure
7.1Thepositionofthespecimensinthesaltspraychamber
duringthetestshallbesuchthatthefollowingconditionsare
met:
7.1.1Unlessotherwisespecified,thespecimensshallbe
supportedorsuspendedbetween15and30°fromthevertical
andpreferablyparalleltotheprincipaldirectionofflowoffog
throughthechamber,baseduponthedominantsurfacebeing
tested.
7.1.2Thespecimensshallnotcontacteachotherorany
metallicmaterialoranymaterialcapableofactingasawick.
7.1.3Eachspecimenshallbeplacedtopermitunencum-
beredexposuretothefog.
7.1.4Saltsolutionfromonespecimenshallnotdriponany
otherspecimen.
NOTE 2—Suitablematerialsfortheconstructionorcoatingofracksand
supportsareglass,rubber,plastic,orsuitablycoatedwood.Baremetal
shallnotbeused.Specimensshallpreferablybesupportedfromthe
bottomortheside.Slottedwoodenstripsaresuitableforthesupportofflat
panels.Suspensionfromglasshooksorwaxedstringmaybeusedaslong
asthespecifiedpositionofthespecimensisobtained,ifnecessaryby
meansofsecondarysupportatthebottomofthespecimens.
8.SaltSolution
8.1Thesaltsolutionshallbepreparedbydissolving5 6 1
partsbymassofsodiumchloridein95partsofwater
conformingtoTypeIVwaterinSpecificationD1193(except
thatforthispracticelimitsforchloridesandsodiummaybe
ignored).Carefulattentionshouldbegiventothechemical
contentofthesalt.Thesaltusedshallbesodiumchloridewith
notmorethan0.3%bymassoftotalimpurities.Halides
(Bromide,Fluoride,andIodide)otherthanChlorideshall
constitutelessthan0.1%bymassofthesaltcontent.Copper
contentshallbelessthan0.3ppmbymass.Sodiumchloride
containinganti-cakingagentsshallnotbeusedbecausesuch
agentsmayactascorrosioninhibitors.SeeTable1foralisting
oftheseimpurityrestrictions.Uponagreementbetweenthe
purchaserandtheseller,analysismayberequiredandlimits
establishedforelementsorcompoundsnotspecifiedinthe
chemicalcompositiongivenabove.
TABLE1MaximumAllowableLimitsforImpurityLevelsin
SodiumChlorideA,B
ImpurityDescriptionAllowableAmount
TotalImpurities # 0.3%
Halides(Bromide,FluorideandIodide)excludingChloride # 0.1%
Copper<0.3ppm
Anti-cakingAgents0.0%
A Acommonformulausedtocalculatetheamountofsaltrequiredbymassto
achievea5%saltsolutionofaknownmassofwateris:
.053 XMassofWater 5 MassofNaClrequired
Themassofwateris1gper1mL.Tocalculatethemassofsaltrequiredingrams
tomix1Lofa5%saltsolution,multiply.053by1000g(35.27oz.,themassof
1Lofwater).Thisformulayieldsaresultof53g(1.87oz.)ofNaClrequiredfor
eachliterofwatertoachievea5%saltsolutionbymass.
The0.053multiplierforthesodiumchlorideusedaboveisderivedbythe
following:
1000g ~massofafullLofwater! dividedby0.95
~waterisonly95%ofthetotalmixturebymass! yields1053g
This1053gisthetotalmassofthemixtureofoneLofwaterwitha5%sodium
chlorideconcentration.1053gminustheoriginalweightoftheLofwater,1000g,
yields53gfortheweightofthesodiumchloride.53goftotalsodiumchloride
dividedbytheoriginal1000gofwateryieldsa0.053multiplierforthesodium
chloride.
Asanexample:tomixtheequivalentof200L(52.83gal)of5%sodiumchloride
solution,mix10.6kg(23.37lb)ofsodiumchlorideinto200L(52.83gal)ofwater.
200Lofwaterweighs200,000g.200,000gofwaterx.053(sodiumchloride
multiplier)=10,600gofsodiumchloride,or10.6kg.
B Inordertoensurethatthepropersaltconcentrationwasachievedwhenmixing
thesolution,itisrecommendedthatthesolutionbecheckedwitheitherasalimeter
hydrometerorspecificgravityhydrometer.Whenusingasalimeterhydrometer,the
measurementshouldbebetween4and6%at25°C(77°F).Whenusingaspecific
gravityhydrometer,themeasurementshouldbebetween1.0255and1.0400at
25°C(77°F).
B117–03
2 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---8.2ThepHofthesaltsolutionshallbesuchthatwhen
atomizedat35°C(95°F)thecollectedsolutionwillbeinthe
pHrangefrom6.5to7.2(Note3).Beforethesolutionis
atomizeditshallbefreeofsuspendedsolids(Note4).ThepH
measurementshallbemadeat25°C(77°F)usingasuitable
glasspH-sensingelectrode,referenceelectrode,andpHmeter
systeminaccordancewithTestMethodE70.
NOTE 3—TemperatureaffectsthepHofasaltsolutionpreparedfrom
watersaturatedwithcarbondioxideatroomtemperatureandpHadjust-
mentmaybemadebythefollowingthreemethods:
(1)WhenthepHofasaltsolutionisadjustedatroomtemperature,and
atomizedat35°C(95°F),thepHofthecollectedsolutionwillbehigher
thantheoriginalsolutionduetothelossofcarbondioxideatthehigher
temperature.WhenthepHofthesaltsolutionisadjustedatroom
temperature,itisthereforenecessarytoadjustitbelow6.5sothecollected
solutionafteratomizingat35°C(95°F)willmeetthepHlimitsof6.5to
7.2.Takeabouta50-mLsampleofthesaltsolutionaspreparedatroom
temperature,boilgentlyfor30s,cool,anddeterminethepH.Whenthe
pHofthesaltsolutionisadjustedto6.5to7.2bythisprocedure,thepH
oftheatomizedandcollectedsolutionat35°C(95°F)willcomewithin
thisrange.
(2)Heatingthesaltsolutiontoboilingandcoolingto35°C(95°F)and
maintainingitat35°C(95°F)forapproximately48hbeforeadjustingthe
pHproducesasolutionthepHofwhichdoesnotmateriallychangewhen
atomizedat35°C(95°F).
(3)Heatingthewaterfromwhichthesaltsolutionispreparedto35°C
(95°F)orabove,toexpelcarbondioxide,andadjustingthepHofthesalt
solutionwithinthelimitsof6.5to7.2producesasolutionthepHofwhich
doesnotmateriallychangewhenatomizedat35°C(95°F).
NOTE 4—Thefreshlypreparedsaltsolutionmaybefilteredordecanted
beforeitisplacedinthereservoir,ortheendofthetubeleadingfromthe
solutiontotheatomizermaybecoveredwithadoublelayerofcheesecloth
topreventpluggingofthenozzle.
NOTE 5—ThepHcanbeadjustedbyadditionsofdiluteACSreagent
gradehydrochloricacidorsodiumhydroxidesolutions.
9.AirSupply
9.1ThecompressedairsupplytotheAirSaturatorTower
shallbefreeofgrease,oil,anddirtbeforeusebypassing
throughwell-maintainedfilters.(Note6)Thisairshouldbe
maintainedatasufficientpressureatthebaseoftheAir
SaturatorTowertomeetthesuggestedpressuresofTable2at
thetopoftheAirSaturatorTower.
NOTE 6—Theairsupplymaybefreedfromoilanddirtbypassingit
throughasuitableoil/waterextractor(thatiscommerciallyavailable)to
stopanyoilfromreachingtheAirSaturatorTower.Manyoil/water
extractorshaveanexpirationindicator,properpreventivemaintenance
intervalsshouldtaketheseintoaccount.
9.2Thecompressedairsupplytotheatomizernozzleor
nozzlesshallbeconditionedbyintroducingitintothebottom
ofatowerfillwedwithwater.Acommonmethodofintroduc-
ingtheairisthroughanairdispersiondevice(X1.4.1).The
levelofthewatermustbemaintainedautomaticallytoensure
adequatehumidification.Itiscommonpracticetomaintainthe
temperatureinthistowerbetween46and49°C(114–121°F)to
offsetthecoolingeffectofexpansiontoatmosphericpressure
duringtheatomizationprocess.Table2in9.3ofthispractice
showsthetemperature,atdifferentpressures,thatarecom-
monlyusedtooffsetthecoolingeffectofexpansionto
atmosphericpressure.
9.3Carefulattentionshouldbegiventotherelationshipof
towertemperaturetopressuresincethisrelationshipcanhave
adirectimpacttomaintainingpropercollectionrates(Note7).
Itispreferabletosaturatetheairattemperatureswellabovethe
chambertemperatureasinsuranceofawetfogaslistedin
Table2.
NOTE 7—Ifthetowerisrunoutsideofthesesuggestedtemperatureand
pressurerangestoacheivepropercollectionratesasdescribedin10.2of
thispractice,othermeansofverifyingthepropercorrosionrateinthe
chambershouldbeinvestigated,suchastheuseofcontrolspecimens
(panelsofknownperformanceinthetestconducted).Itispreferredthat
controlpanelsbeprovidedthatbrackettheexpectedtestspecimen
performance.Thecontrolsallowforthenormalizationoftestconditions
duringrepeatedrunningofthetestandwillalsoallowcomparisonsoftest
resultsfromdifferentrepeatsofthesametest.(RefertoAppendixX3,
EvaluationofCorrosiveConditions,formasslossprocedures).
10.ConditionsintheSaltSprayChamber
10.1 Temperature—Theexposurezoneofthesaltspray
chambershallbemaintainedat35+1.1−1.7°C
(95+2− 3°F).Eachsetpointanditstolerancerepresentsan
operationalcontrolpointforequilibriumconditionsatasingle
locationinthecabinetwhichmaynotnecessarilyrepresentthe
uniformityofconditionsthroughoutthecabinet.Thetempera-
turewithintheexposurezoneoftheclosedcabinetshallbe
recorded(Note8)atleasttwiceadayatleast7hapart(except
onSaturdays,Sundays,andholidayswhenthesaltspraytestis
notinterruptedforexposing,rearranging,orremovingtest
specimensortocheckandreplenishthesolutioninthe
reservoir)
NOTE 8—Asuitablemethodtorecordthetemperatureisbyacontinu-
ousrecordingdeviceorbyathermometerwhichcanbereadfromoutside
theclosedcabinet.Therecordedtemperaturemustbeobtainedwiththe
saltspraychamberclosedtoavoidafalselowreadingbecauseofwet-bulb
effectwhenthechamberisopen.
10.2 AtomizationandQuantityofFog—Placeatleasttwo
cleanfogcollectorsperatomizertowerwithintheexposure
zonesothatnodropsofsolutionwillbecollectedfromthetest
specimensoranyothersource.Positionthecollectorsinthe
proximityofthetestspecimens,onenearesttoanynozzleand
theotherfarthestfromallnozzles.Atypicalarrangementis
showninFig.1.Thefogshallbesuchthatforeach80
cm2
(12.4in.
2
)ofhorizontalcollectingarea,therewillbe
collectedfrom1.0to2.0mLofsolutionperhourbasedonan
averagerunofatleast16h(Note8).Thesodiumchloride
concentrationofthecollectedsolutionshallbe5 6 1mass%
(Notes9-11).ThepHofthecollectedsolutionshallbe6.5to
7.2.ThepHmeasurementshallbemadeasdescribedin8.2
(Note3).
NOTE 9—Suitablecollectingdevicesareglassorplasticfunnelswith
TABLE2SuggestedTemperatureandPressureguidelineforthe
topoftheAirSaturatorTowerfortheoperationofatestat35°C
(95°F)
AirPressure,kPaTemperature,°CAirPressure,PSITemperature,°F
834612114
964714117
1104816119
1244918121
B117–03
3 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---thestemsinsertedthroughstoppersintograduatedcylinders,orcrystal-
lizingdishes.Funnelsanddisheswithadiameterof10cm(3.94in.)have
anareaofabout80cm2
(12.4in.
2
).
NOTE 10—Asolutionhavingaspecificgravityof1.0255to1.0400at
25°C(77°F)willmeettheconcentrationrequirement.Thesodium
chlorideconcentrationmayalsobedeterminedusingasuitablesalinity
meter(forexample,utilizingasodiumion-selectiveglasselectrode)or
colorimetricallyasfollows.Dilute5mLofthecollectedsolutionto100
mLwithdistilledwaterandmixthoroughly;pipeta10-mLaliquotintoan
evaporatingdishorcasserole;add40mLofdistilledwaterand1mLof
1%potassiumchromatesolution(chloride-free)andtitratewith0.1 N
silvernitratesolutiontothefirstappearanceofapermanentredcoloration.
Asolutionthatrequiresbetween3.4and5.1mLof0.1 N silvernitrate
solutionwillmeettheconcentrationrequirements.
NOTE 11—Saltsolutionsfrom2to6%willgivethesameresults,
thoughforuniformitythelimitsaresetat4to6%.
10.3Thenozzleornozzlesshallbesodirectedorbaffled
thatnoneofthespraycanimpingedirectlyonthetest
specimens.
11.ContinuityofExposure
11.1Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthespecificationscover-
ingthematerialorproductbeingtested,thetestshallbe
continuousforthedurationoftheentiretestperiod.Continu-
ousoperationimpliesthatthechamberbeclosedandthespray
operatingcontinuouslyexceptfortheshortdailyinterruptions
necessarytoinspect,rearrange,orremovetestspecimens,to
checkandreplenishthesolutioninthereservoir,andtomake
necessaryrecordingsasdescribedinSection10.Operations
shallbesoscheduledthattheseinterruptionsareheldtoa
minimum.
12.PeriodofExposure
12.1Theperiodofexposureshallbeasdesignatedbythe
specificationscoveringthematerialorproductbeingtestedor
asmutuallyagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.
NOTE 12—Recommendedexposureperiodsaretobeasagreedupon
betweenthepurchaserandtheseller,butexposureperiodsofmultiplesof
24haresuggested.
13.CleaningofTestedSpecimens
13.1Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthespecificationscover-
ingthematerialorproductbeingtested,specimensshallbe
treatedasfollowsattheendofthetest:
13.1.1Thespecimensshallbecarefullyremoved.
13.2Specimensmaybegentlywashedordippedinclean
runningwaternotwarmerthan38°C(100°F)toremovesalt
depositsfromtheirsurface,andthenimmediatelydried.
14.EvaluationofResults
14.1Acarefulandimmediateexaminationshallbemadeas
requiredbythespecificationscoveringthematerialorproduct
beingtestedorbyagreementbetweenthepurchaserandthe
seller.
15.RecordsandReports
15.1Thefollowinginformationshallberecorded,unless
otherwiseprescribedinthespecificationscoveringthematerial
orproductbeingtested:
15.1.1Typeofsaltandwaterusedinpreparingthesalt
solution,
15.1.2Allreadingsoftemperaturewithintheexposurezone
ofthechamber,
15.1.3Dailyrecordsofdataobtainedfromeachfog-
collectingdeviceincludingthefollowing:
15.1.3.1Volumeofsaltsolutioncollectedinmillilitresper
hourper80cm2
(12.4in.
2
),
15.1.3.2Concentrationorspecificgravityat35°C(95°F)of
solutioncollected,and
15.1.3.3pHofcollectedsolution.
NOTE—Thisfigureshowsatypicalfogcollectorarrangementforasingleatomizertowercabinet.Thesamefogcollectorarrangementisalsoapplicable
formultipleatomizertowerandhorizontal(“T”type)atomizertowercabinetconstructionsaswell.
FIG.1ArrangementofFogCollectors
B117–03
4 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---15.2Typeofspecimenanditsdimensions,ornumberor
descriptionofpart,
15.3Methodofcleaningspecimensbeforeandaftertesting,
15.4Methodofsupportingorsuspendingarticleinthesalt
spraychamber,
15.5Descriptionofprotectionusedasrequiredin6.5,
15.6Exposureperiod,
15.7Interruptionsinexposure,cause,andlengthoftime,
and
15.8Resultsofallinspections.
NOTE 13—Ifanyoftheatomizedsaltsolutionwhichhasnotcontacted
thetestspecimensisreturnedtothereservoir,itisadvisabletorecordthe
concentrationorspecificgravityofthissolutionalso.
16.Keywords
16.1controlledcorrosiveenvironment;corrosivecondi-
tions;determiningmassloss;saltspray(fog)exposure
APPENDIXES
(NonmandatoryInformation)
X1.CONSTRUCTIONOFAPPARATUS
X1.1Cabinets
X1.1.1Standardsaltspraycabinetsareavailablefrom
severalsuppliers,butcertainpertinentaccessoriesarerequired
beforetheywillfunctionaccordingtothispracticeandprovide
consistentcontrolforduplicationofresults.
X1.1.2Thesaltspraycabinetconsistsofthebasicchamber,
anair-saturatortower,asaltsolutionreservoir,atomizing
nozzles,specimensupports,provisionsforheatingthecham-
ber,andsuitablecontrolsformaintainingthedesiredtempera-
ture.
X1.1.3Accessoriessuchasasuitableadjustablebaffleor
centralfogtower,automaticlevelcontrolforthesaltreservoir,
andautomaticlevelcontrolfortheair-saturatortowerare
pertinentpartsoftheapparatus.
X1.1.4Thesizeandshapeofthecabinetshallbesuchthat
theatomizationandquantityofcollectedsolutioniswithinthe
limitsofthispractice.
X1.1.5Thechambershallbemadeofsuitablyinertmate-
rialssuchasplastic,glass,orstone,orconstructedofmetaland
linedwithimperviousplastics,rubber,orepoxy-typematerials
orequivalent.
X1.1.6Allpipingthatcontactsthesaltsolutionorspray
shouldbeofinertmaterialssuchasplastic.Ventpipingshould
beofsufficientsizesothataminimumofbackpressureexists
andshouldbeinstalledsothatnosolutionistrapped.The
exposedendoftheventpipeshouldbeshieldedfromextreme
aircurrentsthatmaycausefluctuationofpressureorvacuumin
thecabinet.
X1.2TemperatureControl
X1.2.1Themaintenanceoftemperaturewithinthesalt
chambercanbeaccomplishedbyseveralmethods.Itis
generallydesirabletocontrolthetemperatureofthesurround-
ingsofthesaltspraychamberandtomaintainitasstableas
possible.Thismaybeaccomplishedbyplacingtheapparatus
inaconstant-temperatureroom,butmayalsobeachievedby
surroundingthebasicchamberofajacketcontainingwateror
airatacontrolledtemperature.
X1.2.2Theuseofimmersionheatersinaninternalsalt
solutionreservoirorwithinthechamberisdetrimentalwhere
heatlossesareappreciablebecauseofsolutionevaporationand
radiantheatonthespecimens.
X1.3SprayNozzles
X1.3.1Satisfactorynozzlesmaybemadeofhardrubber,
plastic,orotherinertmaterials.Themostcommonlyusedtype
ismadeofplastic.Nozzlescalibratedforairconsumptionand
solution-atomizedareavailable.Theoperatingcharacteristics
ofatypicalnozzlearegiveninTableX1.1.
X1.3.2Itcanreadilybeseenthatairconsumptionis
relativelystableatthepressuresnormallyused,butamarked
reductioninsolutionsprayedoccursifthelevelofthesolution
isallowedtodropappreciablyduringthetest.Thus,thelevel
ofthesolutioninthesaltreservoirmustbemaintained
automaticallytoensureuniformfogdeliveryduringthetest.
8
X1.3.3Ifthenozzleselecteddoesnotatomizethesalt
solutionintouniformdroplets,itwillbenecessarytodirectthe
sprayatabaffleorwalltopickupthelargerdropsandprevent
themfromimpingingonthetestspecimens.Pendingacom-
pleteunderstandingofair-pressureeffects,andsoforth,itis
importantthatthenozzleselectedshallproducethedesired
8
Asuitabledeviceformaintainingthelevelofliquidineitherthesaturatortower
orreservoiroftestsolutionmaybedesignedbyalocalengineeringgroup,ormay
bepurchasedfrommanufacturersoftestcabinetsasanaccessory.
TABLEX1.1OperatingCharacteristicsofTypicalSprayNozzle
Siphon
Height
,cm
AirFlow,dm3
/minSolutionConsumption,cm3
/h
AirPressure,kPaAirPressure,kPa
34691031383469103138
101926.531.5362100384045845256
201926.531.536636276037204320
301926.531.5360138030003710
401926.631.536078021242904
Siphon
Height,
in.
AirFlow,
L/min
Solution
Consumption,mL/h
AirPressure,psiAirPressure,psi
51015205101520
41926.531.5362100384045845256
81926.531.536636276037204320
121926.531.5360138030003710
161926.631.536078021242904
B117–03
5 Copyright ASTM International
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--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---conditionwhenoperatedattheairpressureselected.Nozzles
arenotnecessarilylocatedatoneend,butmaybeplacedinthe
centerandcanalsobedirectedverticallyupthroughasuitable
tower.
X1.4AirforAtomization
X1.4.1Theairusedforatomizationmustbefreeofgrease,
oil,anddirtbeforeusebypassingthroughwell-maintained
filters.Roomairmaybecompressed,heated,humidified,and
washedinawater-sealedrotarypumpifthetemperatureofthe
waterissuitablycontrolled.Otherwisecleanedairmaybe
introducedintothebottomofatowerfilledwithwaterthrough
aporousstoneormultiplenozzles.Thelevelofthewatermust
bemaintainedautomaticallytoensureadequatehumidification.
Achamberoperatedinaccordancewiththismethodand
AppendixX1willhavearelativehumiditybetween95and
98%.Sincesaltsolutionsfrom2to6%willgivethesame
results(thoughforuniformitythelimitsaresetat4to6%),it
ispreferabletosaturatetheairattemperatureswellabovethe
chambertemperatureasinsuranceofawetfog.TableX1.2
showsthetemperatures,atdifferentpressures,thatarerequired
tooffsetthecoolingeffectofexpansiontoatmospheric
pressure.
X1.4.2Experiencehasshownthatmostuniformspray
chamberatmospheresareobtainedbyincreasingtheatomizing
airtemperaturesufficientlytooffsetheatlosses,exceptthose
thatcanbereplacedotherwiseatverylow-temperaturegradi-
ents.
X1.5TypesofConstruction
X1.5.1AmodernlaboratorycabinetisshowninFig.X1.1.
Walk-inchambersareusuallyconstructedwithasloping
ceiling.Suitablylocatedanddirectedspraynozzlesavoid
ceilingaccumulationanddrip.Nozzlesmaybelocatedatthe
ceiling,or0.91m(3ft)fromthefloordirectedupwardat30to
60°overapassageway.Thenumberofnozzlesdependsontype
andcapacityandisrelatedtotheareaofthetestspace.An11
to19L(3to5-gal)reservoirisrequiredwithinthechamber,
withthelevelcontrolled.Themajorfeaturesofawalk-intype
cabinet,whichdifferssignificantlyfromthelaboratorytype,
areillustratedinFig.X1.2.Constructionofaplasticnozzle,
suchasisfurnishedbyseveralsuppliers,isshowninFig.X1.3.
TABLEX1.2TemperatureandPressureRequirementsfor
OperationofTestat95°F
AirPressure,kPa
8396110124
Temperature,°C46474849
AirPressure,psi
12141618
Temperature,°F114117119121
B117–03
6 Copyright ASTM International
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--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---NOTE 1—u—Angleoflid,90to125°
1—Thermometerandthermostatforcontrollingheater(ItemNo.8)inbase
2—Automaticwaterlevelingdevice
3—Humidifyingtower
4—Automatictemperatureregulatorforcontrollingheater(ItemNo.5)
5—Immersionheater,nonrusting
6—Airinlet,multipleopenings
7—Airtubetospraynozzle
8—Heaterinbase
9—Hingedtop,hydraulicallyoperated,orcounterbalanced
10—Bracketsforrodssupportingspecimens,ortesttable
11—Internalreservoir
12—Spraynozzleabovereservoir,suitablydesigned,located,andbaffled
12A—Spraynozzlehousedindispersiontowerlocatedpreferablyincenterofcabinet(typicalexamples)
13—Waterseal
14—Combinationdrainandexhaust.Exhaustatoppositesideoftestspacefromspraynozzle(Item12),butpreferablyincombinationwithdrain,waste
trap,andforceddraftwastepipe(Items16,17,and19).
16—Completeseparationbetweenforceddraftwastepipe(Item17)andcombinationdrainandexhaust(Items14and19)toavoidundesirablesuction
orbackpressure.
17—Forceddraftwastepipe
18—Automaticlevelingdeviceforreservoir
19—Wastetrap
20—Airspaceorwaterjacket
21—Testtableorrack,wellbelowroofarea
NOTE 2—Thisfigureshowsthevariouscomponentsincludingalternatearrangementsofthespraynozzlesandsolutionreservoir.
FIG.X1.1TypicalSaltSprayCabinet
B117–03
7 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---X2.USEOFTHESALTSPRAY(FOG)TESTINRESEARCH
X2.1Thispracticeisprimarilyusedforprocessqualifica-
tionandqualityacceptance.Regardinganynewapplications,it
isessentialtocorrelatetheresultsofthispracticewithactual
fieldexposureresults.(SeeFig.X2.1.)
X2.2Thesaltsprayhasbeenusedtoaconsiderableextent
forthepurposeofcomparingdifferentmaterialsorfinishes.It
shouldbenotedthereisusuallynotadirectrelationbetween
saltspray(fog)resistanceandresistancetocorrosioninother
media,becausethechemistryofthereactions,includingthe
formationoffilmsandtheirprotectivevalue,frequentlyvaries
greatlywiththepreciseconditionsencountered.Informed
personnelareawareoftheerraticcompositionofbasicalloys,
thepossibilityofwidevariationsinqualityandthicknessof
plateditemsproducedonthesameracksatthesametime,and
theconsequentneedforamathematicaldeterminationofthe
numberofspecimensrequiredtoconstituteanadequatesample
fortestpurposes.Inthisconnectionitiswelltopointoutthat
PracticeB117isnotapplicabletothestudyortestingof
decorativechromiumplate(nickel-chromium)onsteeloron
zinc-basediecastingsorofcadmiumplateonsteel.Forthis
purposeMethodB368andPracticeG85areavailable,which
arealsoconsideredbysometobesuperiorforcomparisonof
chemicallytreatedaluminum(chromated,phosphated,oran-
odized),althoughfinalconclusionsregardingthevalidityof
testresultsrelatedtoserviceexperiencehavenotbeenreached.
PracticeB117andPracticeG85areconsideredtobemost
usefulinestimatingtherelativebehaviorofcloselyrelated
materialsinmarineatmospheres,sinceitsimulatesthebasic
conditionswithsomeaccelerationduetoeitherwetnessor
temperature,orboth.
NOTE—Thecontrolsarethesame,ingeneralasforthesmallerlaboratorytypecabinet(Fig.X1.1),butaresizedtocareforthelargercube.Thechamber
hasthefollowingfeatures:
u—Angleofceiling,90to125°
1—Heavyinsulatedouterpanels
2—Airspace
3—Low-wattdensityheaters,orsteamcoils
4—Single-ordouble-,full-openingdoor(refrigerationtype),with
inwardslopingdoorsill
5—Viewingwindow/s
6—Innerchambervent
7—Innerchamberdrain
8—Ductboardsonfloor
FIG.X1.2Walk-inChamber,1.5by2.4m(5by8ft)andUpwardinOverallSize
FIG.X1.3TypicalSprayNozzle
B117–03
8 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---X3.EVALUATIONOFCORROSIVECONDITIONS
X3.1 General—Thisappendixcoverstestpanelsandpro-
ceduresforevaluatingthecorrosiveconditionswithinasalt
spraycabinet.Theprocedureinvolvestheexposureofsteeltest
panelsandthedeterminationoftheirmasslossesinaspecified
periodoftime.Thismaybedonemonthlyormorefrequently
toensureconsistentoperationovertime.Itisalsousefulfor
correlatingthecorrosiveconditionsamongdifferentcabinets.
X3.2 TestPanels—Therequiredtestpanels,76by127by
0.8mm(3.0by5.0by.0315in.),aremadefromSAE1008
commercial-gradecold-rolledcarbonsteel(UNSG10080).
X3.3 PreparationofPanelsBeforeTesting—Cleanpanels
beforetestingbydegreasingonly,sothatthesurfacesarefree
ofdirt,oil,orotherforeignmatterthatcouldinfluencethetest
results.Aftercleaning,weigheachpanelonananalytical
balancetothenearest1.0mgandrecordthemass.
X3.4 PositioningofTestPanels—Placeaminimumoftwo
weighedpanelsinthecabinet,withthe127-mm(5.0in.)length
supported30°fromvertical.Placethepanelsintheproximity
ofthecondensatecollectors.(SeeSection6.)
X3.5 DurationofTest—Exposepanelstothesaltfogfor48
to168h.
X3.6 CleaningofTestPanelsAfterExposure—Afterre-
movalofthepanelsfromthecabinet,rinseeachpanel
immediatelywithrunningtapwatertoremovesalt,andrinsein
reagentgradewater(seeSpecificationD1193,TypeIV).
(1)SaltSolution:5 6 1partsbymassofsodiumchloride(NaCl)in95partsbymassofSpecificationD1193TypeIVwater.
(2)pH6.5to7.2ofcollectedsolution.
(3)Theexposurezoneofthesaltspraychambershallbemaintainedat35+1.1-1.7°C(95+2- 3°F).Eachsetpointanditstolerancerepresentsanoperationalcontrol
pointforequilibriumconditionsatasinglelocationinthecabinetwhichmaynotnecessarilyrepresenttheuniformityofconditionsthroughoutthe cabinet.
(4)Fogatarateof1.0to2.0mL/hrper80cm2
ofhorizontalcollectionarea.
Note:Dashedchartlinesindicatetemperaturetolerancelimits.
Note:Reprintedwithpermission.
FIG.X2.1StandardPracticeforOperatingSaltSpray(Fog)Apparatus
B117–03
9 Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Chemicallycleaneachpanelfor10minat20to25°Cinafresh
solutionpreparedasfollows:
Mix1000mLofhydrochloricacid(spgr1.19)with1000mLre-
agentgradewater(D1193,TypeIV)andadd10gofhexamethyl-
enetetramine.Aftercleaning,rinseeachpanelwithreagentgrade
water(TypeIV)anddry(see13.2).
X3.7 DeterminingMassLoss—Immediatelyafterdrying,
determinethemasslossbyreweighingandsubtractingpanel
massafterexposurefromitsoriginalmass.
X3.7.1Datageneratedintheinterlaboratorystudyusing
thismethodareavailablefromASTMasaResearchReport.
9
X3.8 PrecisionandBias—SteelPanelTest:
X3.8.1Aninterlaboratorytestprogramusingthreedifferent
setsofUNSG10080steelpanels,76by127by0.8mm(3.0by
5.0by.0315in.)hasshownthattherepeatabilityofthemass
lossofthesteelpanels,thatis,theconsistencyinmassloss
resultsthatmaybeexpectedwhenreplicatepanelsarerun
simultaneouslyinasaltspraycabinet,isdependentupon
exposuretimeandthepanellotorsource.Theinterlaboratory
programyieldedrepeatabilitystandarddeviations, Sr,from
which95%repeatabilitylimits, r,werecalculatedasfollows
(seePracticeE691):
r 5 2.8 Sr (X3.1)
Thevaluesof Sr and r arereportedinTableX3.1.Notethat
thecorrosionrateofsteelinthisenvironmentisapproximately
constantovertheexposureintervalandthattheratioofthe
standarddeviationtotheaveragemassloss,thecoefficientof
variation, Cv,variesbetween5and10%withaweighted
averageof7.4%andan r of 621%oftheaveragemassloss.
X3.8.2Thisinterlaboratoryprogramalsoproducedresults
onthereproducibilityofresults,thatis,theconsistencyofmass
lossresultsintestsindifferentlaboratoriesorindifferent
cabinetsinthesamefacility.Thisprogramyieldedreproduc-
ibilitystandarddeviations, SR ,fromwhich95%reproducibil-
itylimits, R,werecalculatedasfollows(SeePracticeE691):
R 5 2.8 S R (X3.2)
Thevaluesof SR and R arereportedinTableX3.2.Notethat
theratioofstandarddeviationtotheaveragemassloss,the
coefficientofvariation, Cv,variesbetween8to18%witha
weightedaverageof12.7%andan R of 636%oftheaverage
massloss.
X3.8.3Themasslossofsteelinthissaltspraypracticeis
dependentupontheareaofsteelexposed,thetemperature,time
ofexposure,saltsolutionmakeupandpurity,pH,spray
conditions,andthemetallurgyofthesteel.Theprocedurein
AppendixX3formeasuringthecorrosivityofneutralsaltspray
cabinetswithsteelpanelshasnobiasbecausethevalueof
corrosivityofthesaltsprayisdefinedonlyintermsofthis
practice.
9
AvailablefromASTMHeadquarters.RequestRRNo.G1-1003.
TABLEX3.1RepeatabilityStatistics
NOTE—Basedontworeplicatesineverytestrun.No.=numberof
differentsaltspraycabinetsintestprogram; r =95%repeatabilitylimits,
g; Cv = Sr/avg,coefficientofvariation,%;and Sr =repeatabilitystandard
deviations,g.
Materials
TestDura-
tion,h
Average
Mass
Loss,g
Sr
,g Cv,% r,gNo.
QP1480.81700.05887.200.164612
QP1961.53470.10487.280.293412
QP11682.59960.24989.610.699412
AP480.77870.04035.170.112810
AP961.40940.09236.550.258410
AP1682.43090.15946.560.446310
QP2480.85660.06868.010.19215
QP2961.57200.09766.210.27335
QP21682.76000.25889.380.72465
TABLEX3.2ReproducibilityStatistics
NOTE—No.=numberofdifferentsaltspraycabinetsintestprogram;
R =95%reproduciblitylimits,g; Cv = SR/avg,coefficientofvariation,
%;and SR =reproducibilitystandarddeviation,g.
Materials
TestDura-
tion,h
Average
Mass
Loss,g
SR,g Cv,% R,gNo.
QP1480.81700.094711.580.265212
QP1961.53470.201914.020.565312
QP11682.59960.325512.520.911412
AP480.77870.080510.330.225410
AP961.40940.162611.540.455310
AP1682.43090.340214.000.952610
QP2480.85660.152917.850.42815
QP2961.57200.13198.390.36935
QP21682.76000.387314.031.08445
B117–03
10 Copyright ASTM International
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Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentioned
inthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtherisk
ofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.
Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsand
ifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.Yourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandards
andshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingofthe
responsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.Ifyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushould
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ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,
UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheabove
addressorat610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),orservice@astm.org(e-mail);orthroughtheASTMwebsite
B117–03
11 Copyright ASTM International
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--`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3330