ITTC Fresh Water and Seawater Properties

1.  INTRODUCTION
The international standard for the properties
of fresh water and seawater are specified by the
International Association for the Properties of
Water and Steam (IAPWS).  The properties
available include density, viscosity, thermal
conductivity, index of refraction, vapour pres-
sure,  speed of sound, and surface tension.
Those of liquid water are described in IAPWS
(2008a).  For this procedure, only the following
properties are provided:  density, absolute vis-
cosity, kinematic  viscosity, and  vapour pres-
sure.
In general, the water properties are a func-
tion of temperature (t), pressure (p), and abso-
lute salinity (SA).  For fresh water, SA = 0.0.  In
this procedure, data are provided at standard
pressure of 0.101325 MPa and as a function of
temperature.  The temperature scale is the In-
in the IAPWS equations are also provided.
IAWPS (2008b)  is the new international
standard for seawater properties. The new stan-
dard for seawater has been developed by a
group at the United Nations and UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization) and several other inter-
national organizations. The latest standard for
seawater properties is the International Ther-
modynamic Equation Of Seawater:  2010
(TEOS-10). IOC, et al. (2010) is the manual for
the computer code.  The code currently calcu-
lates thermodynamic properties such as density
and vapour pressure.  IAWPS (2010) has certi-
fied  a research need for transport properties
such as viscosity.  In the meantime for this pro-
cedure, viscosity and vapour pressure  recom-
mended by Sharqawy, et al. (2010)  is adopted.  
Another source of seawater properties is the
SIA  (Sea-Ice-Air) library described by Feistel,2187